Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism: A part of the bourgeoisie is desirous of redressing social grievances in order to secure the continued existence of bourgeois society.
To this section belong economists, philanthropists, humanitarians, improvers of the condition of the working class, organisers of charity, members of societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals, temperance fanatics, hole-and-corner reformers of every imaginable kind. This form of socialism has, moreover, been worked out into complete systems.
The Socialistic bourgeois want all the advantages of modern social conditions without the struggles and dangers necessarily resulting therefrom. They desire the existing state of society, minus its revolutionary and disintegrating elements. They wish for a bourgeoisie without a proletariat. The bourgeoisie naturally conceives the world in which it is supreme to be the best; and bourgeois Socialism develops this comfortable conception into various more or less complete systems. In requiring the proletariat to carry out such a system, and thereby to march straightway into the social New Jerusalem, it but requires in reality, that the proletariat should remain within the bounds of existing society, but should cast away all its hateful ideas concerning the bourgeoisie.
A second, and more practical, but less systematic, form of this Socialism sought to depreciate every revolutionary movement in the eyes of the working class by showing that no mere political reform, but only a change in the material conditions of existence, in economical relations, could be of any advantage to them. By changes in the material conditions of existence, this form of Socialism, however, by no means understands abolition of the bourgeois relations of production, an abolition that can be affected only by a revolution, but administrative reforms, based on the continued existence of these relations; reforms, therefore, that in no respect affect the relations between capital and labour, but, at the best, lessen the cost, and simplify the administrative work, of bourgeois government. (Karl Marx, Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1848, page 31)
Newspeak: speech or writing that uses words in a way that changes their meaning especially to persuade people to think a certain way [ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/newspeak from George Orwell's novel, 1984]
Proletariat: The class of modern wage labourers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live. [Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1888 English edition]
Scientific Socialism: Based on Manifesto of the Communist Party by Marx and Engels where the word communism carried with it the idea of common ownership, and distinguished the their ideas from those of the so-called utopian socialists and lent itself better to association with the idea of the class struggle and with the materialistic conception of history. [Frederick Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, published 1908 by Charles H. Kerr & Co.]
State: 1. “An association of human beings and the highest form of human association” -
Aristotle
2. “Respublica: The creature of the people, the people united by a common sense
of right and community of interest” - Cicero
3. “The whole body of people united under one government, whatever may be the
form of the government” - Webster's Dictionary. [Morris Hillquit, Socialism in
Theory and Practice, The MacMillian Company, New York, N.Y., 1909.
Utopian Socialism: Economic system based on the premise that if bourgeoisie voluntarily
surrendered its ownership of the means of production to the state or the workers,
unemployment and poverty would be abolished.[Frederick Engels, Socialism:
Utopian and Scientific, published 1908 by Charles H. Kerr & Co.]
Velvet Revolution: (Czech: sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak: nežná
revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia. The period of upheaval and transition took place from November 16/17 to December 29, 1989. Popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia combined students and older dissidents. The final result was the end of 41 years of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia, and the subsequent conversion to a parliamentary republic.
Proletariat: The class of modern wage labourers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live. [Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1888 English edition]
Scientific Socialism: Based on Manifesto of the Communist Party by Marx and Engels where the word communism carried with it the idea of common ownership, and distinguished the their ideas from those of the so-called utopian socialists and lent itself better to association with the idea of the class struggle and with the materialistic conception of history. [Frederick Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, published 1908 by Charles H. Kerr & Co.]
State: 1. “An association of human beings and the highest form of human association” -
Aristotle
2. “Respublica: The creature of the people, the people united by a common sense
of right and community of interest” - Cicero
3. “The whole body of people united under one government, whatever may be the
form of the government” - Webster's Dictionary. [Morris Hillquit, Socialism in
Theory and Practice, The MacMillian Company, New York, N.Y., 1909.
Utopian Socialism: Economic system based on the premise that if bourgeoisie voluntarily
surrendered its ownership of the means of production to the state or the workers,
unemployment and poverty would be abolished.[Frederick Engels, Socialism:
Utopian and Scientific, published 1908 by Charles H. Kerr & Co.]
Velvet Revolution: (Czech: sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak: nežná
revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia. The period of upheaval and transition took place from November 16/17 to December 29, 1989. Popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia combined students and older dissidents. The final result was the end of 41 years of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia, and the subsequent conversion to a parliamentary republic.
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